The changes have happened, so how are things going?

Change happens, and then it becomes the new normal. Sometimes this can take weeks or months (or years). Sometimes it feels almost instantaneous.

It feels like I’ve been in this new job for months already, even though it’s only been three weeks. And although I’ve only released three chapters of my Grim Khonsu serial, it feels like I’ve been working on it for far, far longer.

Probably because I have. I had the idea bouncing around in my head for age, considering practicalities and deciding if I wanted to take the project on. Then there was the planning. And even though I’m only releasing a chapter a week, I don’t want to get caught out, so I’m working a few weeks in advance. I already have another three chapters scheduled, and have many more in various stages of drafting and editing.

So, how’s it going?


The first thing to say is that I’m enjoying it. I’m having fun writing the story, and I’m getting a lot of satisfaction from finally putting more fiction out into the world. While I’ve not received much (any?) direct feedback yet, the chapters I’ve posted have garnered more views than these behind-the-scenes posts, which is gratifying. A few more readers have subscribed. So things are generally very positive.
But there have been problems.

Even though I like to plan stories, they always change as I start writing. I’m fine with this. Planning gives a kind of idealised view of the story, but things don’t always work out the way we envisage, and I’ll spot plot-holes and inconsistencies as I write. I also find that characters don’t become fully developed until I start tapping away at the keyboard. And these changes mean altering things in each editing pass, especially in earlier chapters. I realise I haven’t laid sufficient groundwork for later developments, or that I’ve started down avenues that lead nowhere.

Obviously, releasing a story as a serial means that those earlier chapters are already out there. Yes, I could go back and alter them (and I probably will when spelling errors come to light, because a few always slip through), but that would get confusing for anyone who’s already read the unedited versions. So I have to go with what I’ve published, and do the best I can to make everything else follow smoothly.

I’m countering this by working in advance. Having future chapters ready not only prepares me for those interruptions that will surely crop up and take away my writing time, but it also gives me some flexibility in making those changes.

At the moment, I’m approaching the climax of the story in my first draft‌—‌and I know there is a lot to change. Over the next few weeks I’ll read through everything and see what needs altering in upcoming chapters. I’ll also hopefully spot continuity errors.

I’m playing about with Notebook.lm to help with this. Yes, it’s AI, but I’m not using it to write any words in the story. I’m using it as a tool‌—‌because that’s what AI ultimately is (or should be). By feeding in each chapter, I can have Notebook.lm look out for those errors. I can interrogate the AI about promises I’ve made to the reader, or open loops in earlier chapters that haven’t yet been closed. I’ve also been asking it about genre tropes‌—‌I’m calling Grim Khonsu a sci-fi detective noir, so how does it stand up against those separate genres?

I’m also using Notebook.lm to keep track of characters and places. I often add incidental characters and places as I write, and as I intend to write more Grim Khonsu stories it makes sense to keep track of all these mentions. I could do this manually, but why not use a decent tool for the job? And as this list of characters and places grows, I have more things to pull from later. If I need another incidental character, maybe I can call on one I’ve already used? And if a new story takes Grim into a different part of Khonsu, why not use an area I’ve already mentioned in passing?


Another tool I’m using in writing Grim Khonsu is Joplin. This is basically a note-taking app that syncs between phone and computer.

Why use this, when I’ve been a dedicated Scrivener user for years?

I’m not abandoning Scrivener. Far from it. I’m still using it for editing Grim Khonsu. But, with my new job and altered routines, I needed some way of writing when it’s not convenient to boot up the laptop. Scrivener doesn’t yet have an Android app, so that’s out. I tried a few other apps, but none worked quite how I needed them to. But Joplin did.

I don’t know if I’d write a full ‘proper’ novel in Joplin, but it works great for a serial. I can arrange notes in folders, so I have a Grim Khonsu folder with separate notes for each chapter (which I then copy and paste into Scrivener for editing). I also have a few notes of, well, notes. Because each chapter has to be self-contained to an extent, working in a ‘smaller’ app helps me focus on the arc in each chapter.

I have a couple of Bluetooth keyboards, too. One is a folding thing that’s awkward for fast typing, but it fits in my pocket, so it’s very transportable. The other is still small, but has full-sized keys, and I can type almost as fast on that as I can on my laptop. I’ve used this second keyboard to write Grim Khonsu while having a coffee at the climbing wall, or in my car when I get to work too early. And, if I don’t have either keyboard to hand, I can always use the phone’s on-screen keyboard. That’s not ideal for writing drafts of the chapters, but it works fine for quick notes (especially as thoughts arise as I’m plodding on at work).


This new way of working already feels comfortable, and I can see myself using it for the next season of Grim Khonsu. Yes, I’m enjoying the project so much that I want to continue. I already have ideas for Grim’s next case. I don’t want to get too carried away yet, though‌—‌this first story needs to be my focus, and I also have those other Unity-related projects in progress (the large-scale space opera itself and the spin-off Chronicles Of Seraph adventures).

But what do you think of Grim Khonsu? If you haven’t read it yet, you can find the first chapter at twiain.substack.com/p/chapter-1. Give it a read and tell me what you think. After all, a story is a conversation. Without readers, a story is nothing.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this space-opera project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

Routine is good. Until it isn’t.

I’ve been in a rut recently. Yes, I’ve been struggling with this space-opera project, but that’s only part of it. I’ve lacked motivation. I’ve been far too easily distracted. While I’ve made progress with both the main Unity book and the first Chronicles of Seraph story, that progress has felt far too slow.

I used to be more productive. Back when I grew serious about writing, I was able to release about three books a year. But since releasing the final ShadowTech book last year, I haven’t put out any new fiction. I’ve had the Tales of Dominions Kickstarter, but that was a collection of previously written stories.

I don’t feel good about this. I’m letting my readers down. I’m letting myself down.

So, why the lack of motivation? In large part, this is down to the day-job. It’s been growing increasingly demoralising over the last few years (things started going downhill in 2020, and there’s been no sign of an improvement). While I try to compartmentalise things‌—‌that’s work, so it shouldn’t affect my writing or my life outside work‌—‌everything’s connected.

But things are about to change. I now have a new job, starting next week. It’s longer hours‌—‌but back when I produced three books a year I was working similar hours. Maybe the lethargy has been compounded by too much free time, too many opportunities for distraction. So I’m going into this new job with a more focused mind-set. When I open my laptop for writing, that’s what I’ll do. I’m also investigating ways I can use my phone more effectively, so I can make better use of breaks at work and odd moments when I’m not at the laptop. Yes, I’ll still get distracted, but if I go in with a more positive attitude, and if I’m conscious of possible distractions, I’ll be in a better position to head them off.

Of course, there’s going to be a period of adjustment. I’ll be working different shifts, so I’ll have to let my body grow accustomed to a new routine. And this new job gives me free weekends, so more opportunities for important family time.


With one change, it’s a good time to introduce another. As I mentioned before, I haven’t been as productive as I’d like. I’m spending more time editing and less time writing (first-drafting)‌—‌and while I enjoy editing it’s that earlier stage that I love.

So I need to produce more stories. And I need to get back to first-draft writing.

I have a plan.

I’m going to write a serial.


Okay, hold on a moment. I’m struggling to get through those space-opera books, and I’m about to start a new job that will leave me with less free time‌—‌and I’m going to add another project?

It isn’t as stupid as it sounds. This serial is connected to the whole Unity universe. The story will focus on one of the main characters from the central Unity story. Writing this serial will help me understand both that character and their setting.

And I’ll be releasing a chapter each week, somewhere between one and two thousand words (so about fifteen minutes reading time?). I can write that many words in an hour. Another couple of hours for editing, and things don’t look too unrealistic.

Oh, and it’s called Grim Khonsu. It’s a blend of sci-fi and detective noir. I’ve wanted to produce something in this vein for a while now, writing a first draft of a novel a few years ago. Some of the ideas from that have ended up in the initial work on Unity, and others I’m using in this serial.


Of course, this will involve a different way of working. I’m a plotter. I like to know where my stories are going before I start writing. But with a serial, I’ll be going one chapter at a time. Okay, I’ll have a few in the bag, and I have ideas about the direction of the story, along with the larger overview. But I don’t know the details yet. I’ll only discover them as I write.

Will this work? I don’t know. I’d like to think I’m sufficiently confident in my writing to pull it off, but I might write myself into all kinds of corners. And I’m committing myself to a new chapter each week. What if I’m ill? What if the story grows too cumbersome and I need to have a major rethink?

Problems to deal with if and when they arise. This is an experiment. It will allow me to get back to the thrill of first-drafting. It will allow me to put more fiction out there, giving readers something they’ll (hopefully) enjoy. And, because of its connection with my grand space-opera concept, it will enrich that story too.

It could all go horribly wrong, of course. And if it does, I’ll treat it as a learning experience.

But I’m quietly confident. Things are changing. I’ll be developing new routines, ones that should make me more productive, less prone to lethargy and distraction.

And I’m doing this in public. That’s scary. But it gives me accountability. I don’t like going back on my word, so now that I’ve committed to this, I have to keep it up. You’ll hold me to that, right? And as this story takes shape, as I add a new chapter each week, I’d appreciate any kind of feedback.

A change. An opportunity to start a new experiment. I hope you’ll come along for the ride.

More to follow…


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this space-opera project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

Why climb? Why write?

Over the last few years, as I’ve worked on improving both my climbing and my writing, I’ve seen many similarities between these activities. I’ve detailed my thoughts on this over the last few posts, but here’s a quick recap.

  • Progress isn’t linear. There are jumps alternating with plateaus of consolidation, dotted with the occasional dip. But over time, progress happens.
  • Sometimes things don’t work out, for reasons we can’t (yet) understand. Accept this and carry on.
  • Deliberate, focused practice is important.
  • Alongside deliberate practice there should be times of pushing forward and trying things beyond our current abilities.
  • Everyone is different. What works for me won’t necessarily work for you. While learning from others is important, we must each find our own way.
  • The problem might not be the problem. When stuck, the solution might lay be uncovered in what came before.
  • Knowing isn’t the same as doing (which is why practice and perseverance are so important)
  • Muscle memory is useful, but remember that practice makes permanent, not necessarily perfect.

To bring this short series to a close, I want to consider a question. Why? Why do I climb, and why do I write?

The knee-jerk response is to say that I enjoy both activities. Fair enough, but I enjoy listening to music, and I don’t put in anywhere near the same effort in this as I do in climbing and writing.

So let’s go deeper. I became serious about my writing ten years ago. Why then? What caused this mind-shift?

At that time, I was struggling at work. I won’t go into details, but I felt like I had no control over the situation, and no clear way forward.

This was when I started writing more regularly. I had no big plan. I started from the kernel of an idea, and wrote to see what would happen.

My writing was something I could control. True, I didn’t know where the story was going. But there wasn’t anyone else dictating what happened. Ultimately, I was the one who decided.

Some years later I had a short novella included in an anthology called The Power Of Words, and I realised that this power lies not only in the words themselves but also in bringing them forth. Writing gave me something I lacked in my job. It gave me a voice, even if this writing was, at that point, only for myself.

I’d written before, but it reached somewhere deeper in me now. I continued, eventually finishing and then independently publishing novels.

And realised that writing was only a part of what being a writer was all about. Now that I had these books I needed to market them.

Okay, I didn’t need to. I could have put them up on Amazon and left everything to chance. But I thought it would be good to get something back from them‌—‌readers, and also money. At least enough to pay for the production.

So I set about learning marketing. I learnt about newsletters and websites, about reader magnets. I learnt about advertising and reader funnels, social media and reader tropes. And a whole lot more. I tried different tactics to help readers find and buy my books.

And while I have sold a few copies, and have had some positive reviews and ratings, none of my books have yet earned out. So far, this writing and publishing thing has cost more than it’s brought in.

Why? I don’t know. I try things. I follow what others have done. I try to analyse where things are failing.

And one thing I’ve come to realise is that there are no guarantees. I could do exactly the same as some successful writer, and I’d have wildly different results.

Because it’s not something I can control. Yes, I can tweak ads, or focus on targeting. Yes, I can write posts and newsletters. But when it comes to potential readers connecting with the ads, posts or newsletters, there is too much outside my control. There are a million other distractions. And if a potential reader does pay attention, are they in the frame of mind to buy, or to download a free book? If they download a book, will it become just another file, pushed down the TBR list in favour of a new, more exciting-sounding title?

I can control my input into marketing, but I can’t control what happens after that. I’m at the whims of reader attention, of various store and social media site algorithms.

Which could explain why I grew more serious about climbing over the last few years. With a vague despondency over the lack of marketing success, I needed a feeling of control. While the writing served this to a point, it was always tinged with the marketing side of things.

In most sports, you compete against others, either individually or as part of a team. There is a winner, and by default there are losers (those who didn’t win). But climbing is different. Yes, there are climbing competitions (even at the level I climb), but the competition is far more internal.

I think I’ve mentioned the friendly, co-operative atmosphere I’ve found at climbing walls. Whatever level you climb at, there will be someone to offer advice and encouragement. As a regular at the walls I climb at, I’m often there with other regulars, and we often work on a problem together. We’ll bounce ideas around, each trying something slightly different.

Usually, someone will reach the top first. But that doesn’t mean they’ve ‘won’, because the rest of us might reach the top using a slightly different set of moves. And even if you don’t reach the top, you’ve made progress.

And that progress isn’t down to others. Okay, there’s the advice. And the encouragement. But you take that in, and you let that feed into your efforts. Then, when the set of moves works out and you reach the top, you can justifiably say that you’ve done it.

And if you don’t? It’s not a case of someone else beating you to it, or someone else interfering (unless they do, in which case they’ll get thrown out). No, it’s simply that you’re not quite ready to solve that particular problem. Keep working at it, and maybe you will.

It comes back to control. Top out or not, it’s down to me. My climbing is under my control.


I’ve come to realise that having at least one activity like this‌—‌something controllable‌—‌is vitally important. We exist in societies, where we have to fit in with others. Our actions are so often dictated or influenced by others, even people we don’t know. We can control how we respond to situations (to an extent), but we can’t control those situations. So having some time each week when we are autonomous can give a respite from this.

It’s what I get from both writing (storytelling) and climbing. I get to be in control of things for a while. Yes, I get enjoyment from both activities (and there’s physical wellbeing connected with climbing, barring any injuries), but they both help remind me that effort can bring rewards. It might not feel like that at times‌—‌for instance, when another set of ads falls flat. But that’s because I haven’t found the right approach yet. It’s like the ‘everyone climbs differently’ thing‌—‌what works for one person won’t necessarily work for me.

So I have to keep on. To climb higher grades I need to work on technique and push myself. To write better books I need to work on craft. To sell more books I need to persevere with marketing, taking in more advice and lessons and trying different approaches until I find what works for me.

And maybe that is another lesson from climbing I can bring to writing. Everything else can be seen as tactics, or ways to improve, but behind it all is perseverance.

The final, and most important, lesson‌—‌don’t give up.


And that’s it for what climbing has taught me about writing. This series originally appeared on my free Substack‌—‌click here to subscribe. If you’re interested in the previous posts, after a short introduction I go into details on progress, my thoughts on practice, how individuality plays a role, and how knowing and doing are not the same.

Knowing and doing are not the same

This is the fifth of a short series on lessons learnt from climbing and how they relate to writing. Click on these links for the introduction, a look at progress, my thoughts on practice, and how individuality plays a role.


I sometimes wonder if my body and mind are operating in totally different spheres. Too often, I understand how to do something, and know in my mind exactly what I need to do, but my body simply doesn’t get the message.

This always leads to frustration when trying to master new techniques. I’ve mentioned heel-hooks before, that I could understand how to do the technique, but couldn’t convince my body to put this into practice. And I’ve mentioned learning to roll a kayak in a previous post. Again, I knew what I needed to do, but I couldn’t do it.

There’s a vast expanse between knowing and doing. Some of this is down to physical limitations. I know I need to put my weight over a high foot position, but I don’t have the flexibility to place my foot properly in the first place, and don’t have the movement in my hips to get over the placement. Or I understand how to use opposing pulls to keep myself on the wall, but don’t have the strength to support my weight properly.

There is a way to overcome these limitations, and that’s training. I can improve my flexibility through targeted stretching. I can improve strength through exercise. Yes, there are limits (I’m not getting any younger, and there are physical laws to contend with), but I can push closer to those limits.

This training is also mental. It sometimes feels like there are barriers to break down, barriers that are keeping me from performing actions I know I can do. It’s too easy to fall back into old habits, despite telling myself I need to stop. As I’ve said before, climbing is as much a mental activity as it is physical.

There are parallels in writing. I know I use certain words too much, but they still spew onto the page. I know I don’t need to spell out what my characters are feeling (because it’s better to show the effect of their emotions), but when I come to edit I spend far too long removing these redundancies.

But there are ways through. I did learn to roll a kayak. I’m confident with heel-hooks now. And while those writing problems still occur, I’m quicker to spot them when editing.

So, how did I bridge this gap between knowing and doing?

Practice. Focused practice alongside repetition.

This builds muscle memory, and I see examples of this pretty much every time I have a good session at the climbing wall.

If I’m on a hard route, I won’t reach the top on my first attempt. I might initially struggle to get off the ground. But I persevere. I try different moves, and eventually find what works for me. Then the next move stumps me for a while, and I go through the same trial-and-error routine until I find the technique that suits my way of climbing. And so on, move by move. After a few weeks I might even reach the top.

But here’s the thing‌—‌those bottom moves get easier. The holds don’t change, but I know what to do, and my body has adapted to this. Often, on a particularly tricky climb, by the time I’m working on upper moves I can speed over the lower ones. Through repetition my body has learnt exactly what to do, and I climb efficiently. Where those lower moves used to drain my energy, now I can breeze through them, leaving me with sufficient energy to tackle the higher moves.

Muscle memory. It works.

But there can be an issue here.

I’m sure you’ve heard the phrase ‘practice makes perfect’. It’s a lie. Practice makes permanent, not perfect. Practice a wrong move over and over, and it becomes ingrained (permanent). And maybe it works in the short term. But the technique is off, and the now muscle-memory-locked move can cause issues elsewhere. And to correct this less-than-perfect technique will require far more work than developing the correct technique in the first place. Correcting means unlearning then relearning.

Let’s give an example from writing. Like many writers, I use a keyboard. I did write my first ever attempt at a novel long-hand, but my physical writing too readily becomes a scrawl I struggle to read. I’ve tried dictation, but I think in words rather than sounds. I don’t want to have loads of physical paper around the place. I appreciate how easy it is to manipulate text files‌—‌copying them to ensure I have back-ups, as well as the advantages text files bring in editing.

Being the age I am, my schoolwork was all written by hand. I can’t recall ever seeing a computer at school. I had a Sinclair Spectrum at home‌—‌connect it to the TV, use a tape deck to load and save programs, and work with a massive 48K of memory! Oh, and type on squishy, small keys. Fast typing wasn’t a thing on the Spectrum.

When I did start using ‘proper’ computers, I didn’t have any kind of keyboard training. I found my way around the keys, progressing from a two-finger ‘look and stab’ approach, slowly using more fingers. Then, when I became serious about writing, I realised I needed to be more efficient.

I got some typing tutor software. I made a concerted effort to use the correct finger for each key.

But I’d already developed other habits. I could type ‘correctly’ if I concentrated, but it was usually slower than if I fell into a kind of mish-mash of self-taught and ‘proper’ typing.

I knew that ‘proper’ typing, if I could master it, would improve my typing speed. I also knew it would take a lot of work. Was it worth the effort?

Maybe. But how fast did I need to type? Yes, sometimes when writing the words flow. But often, I’ll tear through a sentence or two, then need to think about what comes next. Writing is as much about thinking as it is about getting words on the page. And my hybrid style was fast enough for my way of writing. Forcing myself to touch-type all the time would slow me down in the short term, and while it might make me faster over short bursts eventually, I didn’t think it would improve my overall writing speed.

So I’ve muscle-memoried my way into somewhere between permanent and perfect. It’s good enough for me. It’s fast enough to get my ideas out without too much delay. It’s full of quirks (I only tend to use the ‘shift’ key with the little finger on my left hand, very rarely with my right), but I do use all my fingers, and I use those bumps on the ‘f’ and ‘j’ keys to orientate my hands. I can type without looking at the keyboard, and fairly often without looking at the screen either.

It works for me.


Which, now I think about it, comes back to the individuality thing I mentioned last time. Everyone is different. There is no ‘right’ way of doing something.

But it’s worth trying to do things ‘correctly’. While I’ve accepted my particular take on typing, I’m still working on those too-common words. I’m still absorbing all I can on the craft of writing, focusing on new techniques and ideas. Slowly, I’m translating that knowledge into practice, and I know that my first drafts now are far superior to the drafts I started with on earlier books. Similarly, in climbing, I’ve incorporated techniques I’ve struggled with, and this combined with improvements in my ability to read routes means I’m able to flash problems that would have stumped me a couple of years ago.

It’s a slow process, though. And I’m fine with that. The improvements week-on-week might be so small I can barely see them (and I might have weeks when, for whatever reasons, I ‘slip back’), but on a longer time-frame I’m making progress. I’m taking in knowledge, and with focused practice I’m putting that knowledge into effect.


This brings us to the end of these lessons from climbing and how they relate to writing. Next time, I’ll sum up and take a quick look at why‌—‌why I climb, and why I write.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

Every climber is different, every writer is different

This is the third of a short series on lessons learnt from climbing and how they relate to writing. Click on these links for the introduction, a look at progress, and my thoughts on practice.


Routes in climbing walls aren’t random. Setters position each hold precisely, leading to a sequence of moves that provide a satisfying climb.

A part of the challenge of climbing is ‘reading the route’. If you’ve watched climbing competitions you’ll have seen the climbers studying the wall, reaching up and twisting their body in preparation. They’ll look at holds from different angles, planning the best grip and approach. Reading the route correctly makes for an easier climb, reducing the chance of unwanted surprises.

So, routes are set a particular way. Climbers plan their moves before leaving the mat. Yet no two climbers will reach the top in exactly the same way.

Because everyone is different.

This might seem obvious, but there are hidden subtleties. Yes, height (or arm-span) plays a part. As does flexibility‌—‌I struggle to get my body into positions that others fold into with no trouble. Some climbers have stronger upper bodies, others have stronger cores.

And these obvious differences, over time, result in each climber developing in different ways. Because I can hang from holds quite comfortably I naturally dangle around and swing my legs up high, often climbing past problems with my body more horizontal than vertical. This has led to me using lots of side-pulls, which has altered how I approach problems on vertical walls or slabs.

I get up the climb in one way, and someone else will climb it a different way. Even though a route is set to give a particular sequence of moves, there are always alternatives.

Which is why climbing with others is so helpful. Watching others, and talking with them, gives more ideas and opens up more possibilities. I might not use their ideas, but I can adapt them.

A couple of examples: A recent problem I attempted started with a very high right foot. I could get the foot up there, but couldn’t transfer my weight to it. So I swapped, starting with my left foot. It worked‌—‌for me. And it required a strange cross-legged move afterwards. I haven’t seen anyone else do it this way, but it suited my style (or maybe that should be ‘eccentricities’?)

A different climb: I could see how it was set, and the obvious hand-holds didn’t look great. But I saw an alternative‌—‌one that seemed to surprise the staff at the wall. My way meant hanging low from the start hold and using a high heel, bringing my body horizontal. From here I could twist and reach up for the next hold, avoiding those horrible sloping ones I didn’t like the look of. As with the high foot problem, it wasn’t the way the route was set, but it was the most comfortable and efficient way for me to climb it.

There is never one way to solve a problem. Every climber has to find their own way to reach the top.

And it’s the same in writing.

One question often asked of a writer is “Are you a plotter or a pantser”‌—‌do you plan your stories in advance, or discover the story as you write? In reality, these are ends of a spectrum, and writers sit in different positions along that continuum. Some work from detailed outlines that can be thousands of words long, others write from bullet-points for each chapter. Some get with a gem of an idea, start writing, then stop and plan the rest of the story when they reach the half-way point. Others write whatever comes to mind each session until they reach the end.

I try to plan, but as I write things always change. I used to find this frustrating, but now I accept that it’s simply how I function. I like to know where I’m going, but I accept that detours might be needed‌—‌and will probably make for a far better journey.

Then there is voice. Not character voice, but writer voice. Someone like Stephen King has a very particular voice in his writing‌—‌read a paragraph or two, and you’re in no doubt that you’re reading a King novel. Voices can be imitated, but it’s hard to fully clone another writer’s voice. And why bother? It’s better to develop a voice of your own.

Why? Because it’s yours. The voice is a part of what makes your books unique. It’s often been said that if you give a hundred writers the same story outline, you’ll get a hundred very different stories, and a big part of this is down to voice. Even following the same story beats, voice will lead to different stories.

This takes time. After around twenty books I’m starting to understand my voice‌—‌and as I learn more about the craft of writing it’s changing. Or maybe I should say it’s refining. The voice is becoming more polished.

I’m never going to write beautiful, flowery prose‌—‌at least, not comfortably. That’s not part of my voice. I’m more likely to use sentence fragments. I also use a lot of em-dashes (those things that are supposedly a sign of AI writing).

Beyond the writing, every writer approaches marketing differently too.

This is something of a pain-point for me. I’ve tried all kinds of things‌—‌content marketing, Amazon ads, Facebook ads, BookBub ads. I use reader magnets and promo sites. I’ve attempted social media, and I’ve come to the conclusion that I’m even more of an introvert online than I am in the real world. I work best with words, so video-based social media simply doesn’t appeal to me, and I struggle to get enthused over something like TikTok. But using words has its own problem‌—‌I plan what I want to say. On any social media with fast back-and-forth (like Twitter/X), by the time I’ve wrangled my thoughts into something cohesive, the moment has passed.

So social media isn’t going to be a bedrock of my marketing. It is for others, though. Some have had their careers explode through TikTok. Others have mastered ads. Some sell the majority of their books at conventions, or through their own on-line stores.

Everyone is different. Everyone has a way of working and a philosophy that aligns with a particular marketing strategy. I’ve yet to find my niche, but I have to believe it’s out there.

And, as with that tricky route where I watch multiple climbers succeed but can’t emulate their styles successfully, it’s going to take time. And effort. I’ll only find what works for me after discarding what doesn’t.

There are always problems to overcome.

And sometimes, the problem isn’t where I think it is.


In most well-set bouldering problems, there will be a particular move or sequence that is the crux‌—‌the hard part. It’s the point where most climbers will struggle. We’ll try different strategies for getting past the crux‌—‌twisting to the right instead of the left, using a dynamic move, or using a toe-hook.

This can work. But sometimes the problem lies not in the crux itself but in the approach. Imagine we work on the crux in isolation, and solve it when we use our right foot on a certain hold. But when we start from the ground, we end up with our left foot on this hold. So, to solve the crux in context, we need to reassess our approach.

This is true in writing as well. If a particular climax (of the story or the scene) doesn’t land, there’s a problem. Do we need to work on the writing at the climax itself, or is there something we’re missing earlier?

Imagine we have an apparently hopeless situation, but our hero saves the day with a particular piece of equipment. If this equipment appears from nowhere, the reader will feel cheated (and rightly so). So, we need to go back and mention this equipment earlier.

There’s a concept often called Chekov’s gun (guess which famous classic author it’s normally attributed to?) that says if a gun is on the mantelpiece in the first act, it should be used in the final act. In reverse, if a gun is used in the final act, it should be on display in the first act. So, to solve our problem of the amazing appearance of a particular piece of equipment, we have it appear earlier.

But what if the issue is in the emotional punch of the climax? As it stands, the punch falls short. This might be in the writing of the scene, or it might be a case of not building to the climax adequately. Maybe we need to have a similar scene earlier, but one where the hero fails. Or we need to add back-story that lets the reader know, in advance, why this climax hits the hero so hard.

Combining this with writer voice, is the climax failing because it doesn’t work in our style? Maybe we should let the scene rest for a while and work on our craft. Maybe we’re simply not ready to attempt that kind of climax, just as my toe-hook is not yet strong enough to get past problems that require this technique.

There is always a solution. It might be at the crux or climax. It might be in the lead-up. Or it might be a case of working on technique and skills before making another attempt.


This brings us to another aspect of progress in both climbing and writing‌—‌we only know what we know. I’ll look at that, and the differences between knowing and doing, next time.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

Practice and progress in climbing and writing

This is the third of a short series on lessons learnt from climbing and how they relate to writing. Click on these links for the introduction and a look at progress.


When the climbing wall has put up new problems, there’s a temptation to jump straight on them. But I try to be sensible. I’ll do a few easier climbs to warm up. After sitting in my car for an hour I need to stretch a bit. I need to get my fingers used to gripping holds again, my body used to twisting at strange angles.

I probably don’t warm up enough. Others spend time stretching on the mats, or have a quick session in the gym. At least I do something, though. And then I try those new routes.

But, over the last year, my attitude in those warm-up climbs has changed. I’ve been working on ‘deliberate practice’.

What do I mean by that?

Climbing easy routes doesn’t take much thinking about. I get on the wall, and I climb. The moves aren’t taxing, so I can climb fast.

But that’s not the best use of my time. It’s better if I climb with deliberation. With each move, I try to focus on what my body is doing. When I go for the next hold, I try to grasp it so that I don’t need to adjust my hand later. When I place my foot on a hold, I concentrate on its position, on the angle of my ankle, on how I’m using the rubber on my climbing shoe most effectively on any sloping edge. And as I move I think about my body position, concentrating on how this is helping me. Rather than stretching my arm for the next hold, can I twist my body to provide better reach? On overhangs, rather than relying on upper body strength, can I alter my body position and footing to provide better support?

Warming up this way, I get the same physical warm-up, but I also improve my mental game.

Sometimes I’ll take this further. I’ll stay on the ‘easier’ routes for longer, intentionally focusing on my technique. I might not get any new, harder problems ticked off during that session, but I’ll be in a stronger position to do so later.

Another part of this (and one that I know I need to improve on) is training away from the wall. This could involve using a gym (or gym equipment at home). It could also involve stretching and working on flexibility. I’ve never been particularly flexible, and as I get older this is deteriorating. So it makes sense to practice‌—‌to run through stretching and flexibility exercises at home.

So what does deliberate practice look like in writing?

There’s a saying that if you write 1000 words a day, you’ll have written a novel over a year. There’s this idea that every word written has to count towards that goal, that any words ‘thrown out’ are wasted.

But this isn’t (necessarily) true. 1000 words a day might give you a novel’s worth of words over a year, but it won’t necessarily be a good novel, or even a coherent story. Those words will need editing, will need wrangling into a structure, will need massaging to bring out emotion.

Writing, like any activity, improves with practice. Yes, writing story after story, novel after novel, will lead to improvement. But what about training? What about writing that isn’t directly towards the current work-in-progress?

One of the podcasts I regularly listen to, Writing Excuses, always gives homework at the end. Although I rarely do the tasks, thinking about them helps. They might suggest writing the same scene from three different points of view, or trying to write a description without using adjectives, or write a chase scene using only dialogue.

I’ve written short stories that have stemmed from this kind of deliberate practice. Actually, short stories (and flash fiction‌—‌stories under 1000 words) are ideal for this. I wrote a hundred shorts between 2015 and 2020(ish), and I believe this exercise helped improve my writing immensely. I forced myself to work on new techniques, and getting every story under my self-imposed word-count helped develop my editing skills.

Deliberate practice in writing also involves reading with intent. If I read a book that doesn’t grab me, I’ll take a step back and attempt to figure out why. Similarly, with a book that grabs me, I’ll want to know how the writer pulled that off. I might stop reading for a moment, maybe go back a few pages, and analyse what’s happening.

Then there is training. I’m better at this in writing than in climbing. I’ll read books on the craft of writing, on marketing and advertising, on mindset. I’ll listen to podcasts (and try to glean as much as I can from them). I’ve taken courses in the past. I subscribe to various newsletters (although they do tend to get buried in all the other emails, so I don’t pay as much attention to them as I should).


Deliberate practice might lay the groundwork for progress, but that groundwork has to be built upon. And that’s where pushing forward comes in.

Currently, at the climbing wall I use, I’m concentrating on the ‘purple’ routes. I’m getting to the stage where I regularly manage about half of the purples, and I’m hoping to improve on that over the rest of the year.

There’s a part of my mind that likes things tidy. It’s the way I’m wired. I like to have one thing completed before moving on to the next. So, there’s a part of me that says, “Get the purples under your belt, and then you can move on to the yellows.”

This also involves insecurity. If I can’t complete the purples, then I’m clearly not good enough to climb yellows.

Which isn’t necessarily true. Climbers come in all body shapes and sizes. Different climbers have different strengths. There might be a yellow route that plays to my strengths‌—‌just as there will be purples that rely on techniques I can’t manage yet. Some purples I flash (succeed on the first attempt), but some ‘easier’ routes (reds and blacks) give me problems, resulting in many attempts.

And even if the yellows are ‘too hard for me’, that doesn’t mean I can’t try them. Maybe I’ll only manage a few moves (or even struggle to get off the ground), but by pushing myself I’m improving.

Which is why I’ll give them a go. I might not expect much, but sometimes I’m surprised. A few weeks ago I managed to reach the top of a yellow.

That doesn’t mean I can climb yellows‌—‌I’m sure it was easy for the grade, and I caught it in that perfect zone between warming up and feeling too tired. But it encourages me to keep trying.

Because we don’t get anywhere without trying, without pushing ourselves.

And the same goes for writing.

Again, I’ve used short stories for this‌—‌trying new ideas, experimenting with different styles. Some of these attempts work out better than others, but even the failures teach me something.

I want to improve as a writer, and that means pushing myself. I’m doing that with this space-opera series. It’s big, and maybe I’m taking on too much. I get the impression it’s going to take far longer than I anticipated‌—‌but that’s okay. I’ve pushed myself, and I’ve learnt. With what I’ve learnt, I can adjust my expectations while still pushing.

But what does ‘pushing’ mean in writing? Does it mean using a larger vocabulary, or writing increasingly complex stories, or using intricate prose with long, run-on sentences? Maybe, but writing like that asks a lot of the reader. I want my books first and foremost to be enjoyable. I want them to provide an entertaining escape. I don’t want to force a reader to struggle through dense writing.

No, I’m pushing to have a stronger emotional pull in the writing. I’m pushing to use words more effectively. I’m pushing to create believable worlds and relatable characters. I’m pushing to have my stories immerse the reader.

Which is tough. And if I keep practising (deliberately) I might get there. But I’ll get there sooner if I balance the deliberate practice with some pushing.


And this is my final thought on this area‌—‌progress requires both steady, deliberate practice and hard pushing. It requires moments of deep reflection and times of wild experimentation. It requires work on technique as well as periods of flow and abandonment.

As with so much in life, progress is about balance. If I don’t deliberately focus on technique, when I push myself I’ll readily slip back into old, predictable habits. And without pushing to try harder things, that deliberate practice will be nothing but a kind of meditation‌—‌enjoyable for itself, but ultimately serving no purpose.

In my last post, I described progress as a series of steps rather than a smooth incline. The push and pull of deliberate practice and pushing hard are yet another aspect of this.

But it’s different for everyone. And problems are not always what they seem to be. Next time, I’ll tell you how I’ve come to understand this about climbing, and how that relates to my writing.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

The nature of progress in climbing and writing

This is the second part of my short series on lessons I’ve learnt from climbing, and how they relate to writing. For the first part (a brief introduction), click here.

This time, I want to consider progress. While I enjoy both climbing and writing as activities in themselves, I also want to improve‌—‌climb harder problems, master new techniques, write increasingly engaging stories, learn how use words and punctuation more effectively, and so on.

There’s a notion that doing an activity regularly leads to progress, and this is true. We also tend to assume that this progress will be a reflection of the hours spent on that activity‌—‌work for a certain length of time, and reap a relative amount of progress.

But this isn’t always the case. In my climbing I’ve had months when I haven’t seen much progress, when I feel like I’ve plateaued. There are weeks when I slip back, when for no clear reason I simply can’t climb as well as I did previously. There are times when I put in the hours and I can’t see any tangible benefit.

Then there are times when things seem to fall into place, and I suddenly find my climbing improving faster than I expected.

Progress isn’t a straight line. It’s closer to a series of peaks and troughs, or steps. The general trajectory is upward, but along the way there are those plateaus and dips.

Disregarding (for the moment) the notion of ‘good days’ and ‘bad days’, I think this comes down to something similar to ‘levelling up’ in video games. As I work on trickier problems or new techniques, every fresh attempt involves a tiny amount of learning‌—‌my mind figuring out what to do, my body accustoming itself to different movements. These tiny micro-steps don’t initially show themselves, but they have a cumulative effect. Eventually, my mind and body figure out the particular move or technique, and I find success. This has knock-on effects when I attempt other, similar routes, and after the ‘plateau’ of those invisible micro-steps I suddenly jump up.

I’ll give you an example from another activity. Back when I worked in outdoor activity centres I got into kayaking. As I grew more confident I wanted to learn how to roll (using my body and paddle to right myself after a capsize without having to come out of the kayak). I was fortunate in being around others who knew how to do this, and who were willing to help me.

It took ages. For a long while I could understand how to roll a kayak, and knew what my body needed to do, but every time I went over I ended up floundering. It became frustrating when those patient friends repeated their advice, because I already knew it‌—‌it simply didn’t work for me. I couldn’t convince my body to do the necessary movements.

Until I could. All that struggling paid off, and I righted myself. And once I’d rolled once, I could do it again, and again. Yes, I still had times when it didn’t work, but more often than not I was successful. It was only a short while later I managed a hand-roll (a more advanced technique involving righting a capsized kayak without using a paddle).

This type of progress also applies to my writing, although it’s harder to see. But I can give you one example.

In much of my fiction I use close third-person perspective. This means that I’m describing events in the third person (’he opened the door’, ‘she collapsed onto the chair’), but staying close to a particular character‌—‌the scene is experienced through that character’s perspective.

In my older books, especially in early drafts, I used phrases like ‘she saw’ or ‘he noticed’‌—‌‘she saw the dark clouds approaching and felt a twisting in her guts.’ It’s not necessarily wrong, but it’s clumsy. If I’m writing in close third, then I’m already describing things from that characters’ perspective‌—‌anything visual I describe is by default something they see, because if they didn’t see it I wouldn’t mention it. So that ‘she saw’ is redundant. Worse, it can be distancing. A better way of phrasing that sentence would be ‘the approaching dark clouds twisted her stomach.’ It’s tighter, and it’s more intimate.

I don’t know when I learnt about this, but even once I understood it I still used ‘she heard’ or ‘he saw’ or other variations. It took many hours (years?) of writing before that lesson had gone from something I ‘knew’ into something I ‘did’. And even now, especially in early drafts, I find those phrases slipping in. But I’m far more likely to spot them in the edit.


So I now understand that progress isn’t a straight line. But what about those times it seems to regress? What about those sessions at the climbing wall when I struggle with what should be easy routes? What about those times when the climbing doesn’t flow like it usually does?

This could be down to tiredness, especially after a hard shift at work. It could be down to illness‌—‌that cold I’ve been ignoring, or some other ache or pain. Maybe that niggling awkwardness in moving my shoulder is more serious than I realise.

Or maybe it’s the temperature or humidity at the climbing wall.

Climbing is as much mental as it is physical, so if I’ve got things on my mind (even if I’m not fully conscious of them), this can have an impact. Those unconscious thoughts distract me, and I can’t effectively concentrate on my climbing.

Or it’s something else. Who knows? As much as I’d like to be totally in control of everything that happens to me, I know there are so many known and unknown variables that there are always going to be ‘good days’ and ‘bad days’.

And I’ve learnt to not only accept this, but also to go with it. If I’m having a ‘bad’ climbing session, I don’t let it frustrate me. Instead, I stick to easier climbs, maybe working on ‘basic’ techniques. Or I take things slower, spend longer watching and talking to others, or extend the coffee break.

I had one of these sessions this week. I felt weaker than normal. A couple of problems involved high foot-placements, and I simply didn’t have the flexibility. I had done similar moves before, but not on this day.

So I did what I could (I still managed enough that I could class the session as a ‘success’). And those problems that I should’ve been able to get up but couldn’t? A large part of climbing is ‘reading the route’‌—‌mentally running through moves hold to hold. So when I come back to these problems next week, I’ll already have that mental preparation done.

It’s similar in writing. There are times when the words flow, when my fingers fly over the keyboard and the pages fill. There are days when the ideas for story improvements fall into place, or where the edits come together just so. And then there are the days when each sentence is a struggle. There are days when my mind too readily wanders, when it’s an effort to focus on the work.

The days of struggle are frustrating. But I can’t get annoyed at them. I have to accept that I’m not in the right frame of mind for writing or editing. Pushing through might get a few words on the page, but is that time well spent?

I usually have multiple ‘projects’ on the go at any one time. At the moment I have this space-opera series as well as the spin-off series. I also have other writing-related activities, such as these posts, or newsletters, or looking at different marketing options. I have back-cover copy to write, or I could revisit existing copy. I have podcasts I listen to. I have various courses I could go through again. I could spend some time trying to better understand advertising, or coming up with ad copy and images. Or maybe it’s time to ‘refill the well’, to read for inspiration, to see how other writers approach their stories.

There is always something I could be doing. So if the words aren’t coming, or if the editing is leaving my mind spinning, then I can turn to something else. It might not feel as if I’m making progress on a particular book, but I’m still working on my writing. And after taking things easier, I’ll feel fresher for my writing session tomorrow.

Sometimes, the most productive thing to do is to take a step back and rest.


So, there are times when that progress plateaus, and there are times when it feels like I’m not only failing to improve but am going backwards. But, overall, I’m improving.

Since starting to push my climbing, I’ve made progress. Two years ago I worked on ‘red’ climbs (the walls I use have different colours for different grades), and by the end of the year could usually manage to complete about half the ‘red’ routes. A year ago I was regularly completing most, if not all, of the ‘reds’, and could occasionally manage problems in the next level, the ‘purples’. This year I’ve set myself the target of regularly completing two-thirds of the ‘purples’, and to complete a few of the ‘yellows’. Half-way through the year, I have managed just over half the ‘purples’ on the last couple of sets, and have managed one ‘yellow’. Okay, that yellow was undoubtedly soft for the grade, but it still counts.

Is my writing progressing?

If I look at ‘books published’ as a benchmark, then no. Last year I brought out the last couple of books in my ShadowTech series, and started work on this new space-opera. But we’re half-way through 2025, and so far only put out a box-set of the complete ShadowTech series, which didn’t involve writing anything new. I have an upcoming Kickstarter for another collection of previously-written stories (if you’re interested, click here). But I haven’t published anything new.

But this series (and the spin-off series) are a step up. I’m focusing on many of the lessons I’ve learnt over the past few years. I’m determined that these books will contain better writing‌—‌more engaging, with stronger character voice in both dialogue and prose. My rate of production might’ve slipped, but that’s because I’m focusing on quality of writing.

It feels like I’ve made several jumps forward recently, and I now need to consolidate that in these new books‌—‌a plateau in progress where I can put those lessons into practice.

That doesn’t mean I’m taking things easy, though. I’m still pushing, still striving to improve. But I’ll go deeper into that next time, when I look at practice in both climbing and writing.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

What climbing has taught me about writing – an introduction

Over the next few posts I’m going to be diving into lessons I’ve learnt from climbing, and how they relate to writing. I’ve enjoyed climbing for a long time (roughly as long as I’ve enjoyed writing), but it’s only recently that I’ve become more serious (or maybe the word should be ‘intentional’) about both endeavours. Along the way I’ve noticed connections between the two activities. Lessons I’ve learnt at the climbing wall correlate to lessons I’ve learnt typing away on my laptop. And on reflection, these lessons could be seen as ‘life lessons’.


But let’s back up. I need to tell you a little about my climbing.

I’ve never been keen on sports. Never got into football. Didn’t play on any teams. I swam with the local swimming club, but I never pushed myself particularly hard. I think I was content simply ploughing up and down. Oh, and I did enjoy cross-country running at school. I wasn’t the fastest, but I could keep going. I’d settle into my own rhythm and enjoy a bit of alone-time.

Definitely introverted tendencies coming out here.

Then, in my twenties, I wound up working in an outdoor activity centre in North Wales. This introduced me to all kinds of new activities‌—‌canoeing, archery, hill-walking. And climbing.

And I enjoyed them.

In retrospect, I can understand why. These activities aren’t sports so much as physical pastimes. The aim isn’t to ‘win’, but to enjoy the activity itself. They had their social elements, but these weren’t too overt‌—‌going climbing with someone isn’t the same as going to a pub in a group. And, in all these activities, there’s a certain amount of time spent alone. In climbing, even when with others, there’s usually only one person actually climbing at any one time, the other belaying (’holding the rope’).


A quick note on the word ‘climbing’. It covers a wide range of activities, from mountaineering to bouldering. I started with multi-pitch rock climbing‌—‌using ropes and all kinds of metal-work, learning how to securely attach myself and others to the rock, often spending a whole day on a single route (usually with fairly long walks to and from the rock-face). Later I got into bouldering‌—‌climbing shorter routes that don’t require ropes. I now climb at an indoor bouldering wall‌—‌twelve feet high, lots of mats, short but tricky problems to solve.


Back to my climbing story. I enjoyed the activity, but I never particularly pushed myself. I was content on easier routes, enjoying the experience and the views. I never tried harder routes. I wasn’t interested in working on my technique.

Eventually I stopped working at outdoor centres, and life took various turns (as it does). I still had all my gear (ropes and so on) but didn’t go climbing.

Until, about a decade ago, I chanced upon an indoor bouldering wall close to where I was then working. And when a change of jobs made it convenient, I started going regularly. But I didn’t particularly try hard (I’m detecting a pattern here!) I was happy simply climbing. I might give a problem a couple of goes, but if I couldn’t manage it I’d move on to something else.

But, slowly, that attitude changed. I started watching others, and talking with them. I started picking up on different techniques.

And, over the last couple of years, I’ve been pushing. I now usually go twice a week. Rather than give up after a couple of goes on a route, I’ll ‘project’ it‌—‌trying different techniques and approaches, climbing different sections then trying to put it all together, and coming back to it over a few weeks.

I’m improving. I wouldn’t say I’m a good climber (I’m probably on the low end of average). And at my age I can’t expect fast improvements. I’m not as flexible as I used to be. If I injure myself it takes longer to recover. My day-job (lots of heavy lifting) helps keep me in shape, but I’m not in my twenties any more. I know I’ll reach a point where physical limitations mean I can’t push onto harder routes. At some point remaining at the same grade will be success. But until I reach that point, I want to keep improving. A few weeks ago I managed to get up a route graded v7 (I usually just about manage a few v6 climbs), and while I’m sure it was soft for the grade, this has spurred me on to try more climbs at this level. And to have any chance at completing them, I know I need to improve my technique as well as my ‘mental game’.


So that’s where I am with climbing. And there are clear parallels with my writing development.

I’ve always enjoyed reading, and loved writing stories at school. This was pushed out by guitar playing for a while, but one winter, around working shifts at a local flour mill, I wrote a draft of my very first novel. I wrote it in pencil, in exercise books.

And it was terrible. I’ve since typed it into a computer, and I still have the file somewhere, and that’s where it’s going to stay. An achievement to have finished a story of novel length, yes, but it’s not something I’d want to inflict on readers.

Fast-forward to about ten years ago, and work wasn’t going well. I think I turned to writing as an escape (and I may expand on this later). In 2015 I made the conscious decision to ‘get serious with writing’. I wrote (or edited) every day. I planned a series. In 2016 I released the first three books in that series.


As of last year, and I had around twenty titles out. I was coming to the end of my third series, and was planning a new project. That project is the subject of this collection of posts‌—‌my space-opera series and spin-off series.

And, as I’ve previously mentioned in these posts, I felt this was a gear-change. To pull this series off I needed to focus. I need (and want) to vastly improve my writing.


So, I’m currently striving to improve in both climbing and writing. And, as I mentioned earlier, I’m seeing more and more parallels between the two. Lessons I learn at the wall relate to writing, and vice versa.

One of these lessons is that it is hard to improve in supposedly solitary activities without other people.

The kind of climbing I now do, bouldering, requires no ropes. I don’t need a partner to tackle a route. Once I’m at the wall I choose a problem and climb.

And I can make progress on my own. But it’s slow. I don’t know what I don’t know, so when I’m stuck I can’t always see a way forward.

Climbing with others helps me overcome this.

There’s a wonderful camaraderie amongst climbers. The atmosphere in climbing walls is always friendly. There is always someone around who’ll offer advice or suggest a different approach to a particular climb. As I rest between climbs I can watch and talk to others, picking up new ideas and techniques.

This help doesn’t have to come from ‘better’ climbers either. There’s one particular climber I often see at the wall who doesn’t manage the higher grades I climb, but when he’s on the wall he moves with incredible control. Watching him reminds me that I need to focus on my technique rather than throwing myself at holds. And because he relies on technique rather than strength he’ll approach problems from different angles, showing me more efficient ways to climb.

The encouragement from others is important too. So is the opportunity to rest and talk‌—‌when climbing on my own there’s too much temptation to keep going rather than allowing my body the rest it needs between attempts.

And, even for an introvert like me, there is a certain pleasure in being around others who share common interests.

Other people are important in writing, too.

Yes, a large part of the appeal of writing is the solitary nature of it‌—‌shutting myself off from everything and diving into imaginary worlds. But if I want to improve, I need to learn from others. This can be at a remove‌—‌reading books or listening to podcasts. It can be more direct‌—‌taking courses or attending conferences. And it can be even more personal.

I’ll admit I struggle with this. I’m as introverted online as I am in real life. Interacting with others, even on social media, is something I find hard. But I’m realising more and more that I need the support of other writers. If I’m part of a group of writers I have others to bounce ideas off, others to ask for advice. Being in a community of writers would provide encouragement along with practical support. Also, in the same way that watching others climb and reflecting on what I see can improve my climbing, seeing how other writers do things (be that craft-related or in marketing and advertising) can offer me fresh perspectives and new ideas.


So, my first lesson‌—‌community is important. Even if it means pushing beyond my comfort zone, I need to reach out to others if I’m serious about improving.

Next time I’ll examine what climbing has taught me about the nature of progress, and how that relates to my writing.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

The trust involved in reading and writing

Last week I read The Book Of Elsewhere, the collaboration between China Mieville and Keanu Reeves. I knew nothing about this book when I got it. I’ve read a couple of Mieville’s books, and I’ve enjoyed them, but apart from that, I came into The Book Of Elsewhere with no preconceptions.

I’m still not sure what I think of the ending, but I was definitely engrossed in the story after the first hundred pages.

Those first hundred pages, though, were tough. I wasn’t sure what was happening. Maybe this was intentional, or perhaps I simply wasn’t reading with enough focus, but I was confused. I had to read slowly. After browsing reviews, it looks like quite a few reviewers had similar reactions and didn’t finish the book.

I persevered, in part because I don’t like giving up on any book, but also because I trusted Mieville. The previous books of his I’ve read were strange, and the writing leaned towards a literary style. He’s not easy-reading. But he’s good. He knows what he’s doing. I chose to believe that he’d pull the story together, that all this struggle would pay off. And that trust was paid off.


This got me thinking. With any book, the reader has to trust that the writer knows what they’re doing‌—‌that those fragments at the start will come together at the end, that the seemingly random references will be important as the story develops. But there’s also trust in the other direction. A writer has to trust the reader.

A comment I received on my earlier books was that I explained too much (that was the gist of the comment, at least). And it’s a valid complaint. I wanted readers to experience the story through the characters, so I naturally wanted readers to know how the characters were reacting emotionally. I felt I needed to let the reader into the characters’ inner monologues.

But I was over-explaining. A lot of the time, even when I showed the character’s reaction, I’d also tell the reader how they felt.

Telling, not showing. I was breaking that fundamental ‘rule’. Yes, there are times when it’s more efficient to tell the reader what’s happening, but usually (and especially in important scenes) it’s better to show. It’s better to let the reader experience the scene through the actions and words of the characters.

It’s the difference between telling the reader that a character is angry and showing that character becoming withdrawn, or having them snap back when asked a question. It comes back to Chekov’s advice‌—‌‘Don’t tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass’.

I can understand why I over-explained, and why I told the reader so much. It was down to trust. For one thing, I didn’t have enough experience to trust myself. But also, in not wanting the reader to miss anything, I didn’t trust them to pick up on subtle clues‌—‌like a character growing uncharacteristically quiet, or seeing light glinting on broken glass.

Readers are smart. Readers‌—‌and I’m talking about habitual readers here, those who always have a book on the go‌—‌have experience of story. They’ve devoured hundreds and thousands of character portrayals, scenes of emotional dialogue, well-crafted descriptions and so on. Reading is active (more active than watching visual media), so readers engage more of their intellect when reading.

And nobody likes to be beaten over the head. Nobody likes to be treated like an idiot. Dumb things down too much, and readers turn away.


But what if I’m too subtle? What if I don’t give the reader enough?

It’s a balancing act, and there are no perfect solutions. A big reason for this is that every reader is different. Some will pick up on those small clues, see them as obvious. Others will miss them entirely. But even readers who miss the clues consciously can pick up on them subconsciously.

I’m sure this has happened to you‌—‌you’re reading a book, and it should be good. It has everything you normally enjoy in a decent story, but something’s missing. It’s leaving you cold. You can’t quite put your finger on what’s wrong.

But your subconscious knows. It’s picked up on something, maybe in the writing, maybe in the story, possibly in the characters. It’s used all that experience, all those other books you’ve read, and it’s detected a problem in this one.

Then there are those ‘surprising but inevitable’ moments. A character does something unexpected, yet it feels right. Better than that‌—‌it’s good. Or the story develops in a way you could never have imagined, and even though you want to dismiss it as ridiculous, something about it makes total sense.

This is where those subtle clues come in. The writer has sprinkled them earlier in the story, passing moments that the reader hasn’t consciously noticed‌—‌but the subconscious has. And, when the twist comes, the reader can take a moment to reflect, and those clues become clearer.

A classic example of this is The Sixth Sense. Yes, some people saw the end coming, but for many the final revelation was a shock‌—‌but one that made sense when considering all those earlier scenes‌—‌the anniversary dinner where his wife doesn’t seem to register him being there, the scene where he’s sitting silently with someone else, no words spoken, no eye contact made.

If those clues had been too blatant, the shock of the revelation wouldn’t have been so effective.

So, in writing these new books, I need to be subtle. I need to trust the reader to pick up on those little character moments, those phrases dropped into the text, those references that on the surface appear to be nothing but world-building.

And getting this right won’t be easy. I won’t be able to succeed for every reader (because every reader is different). But I can try. Not in first-drafting, but in editing. Being aware of the issue is half the battle. Once I have the story working I will go back through it all, looking for places I’ve told too much, seeking moments I can drop those subtle hints.

Readers are smart. As a writer, it’s important that I remember this and trust them.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

Learning what I dont like through reading

I recently read Neal Asher’s World Walkers. I’ve read a few of Asher’s books before, and remember enjoying them, but World Walkers left me cold.

I’m not saying it’s a bad book. It simply wasn’t for me.

As I often do after finishing a book, I took a look at reviews, and it’s received quite a mix of opinions. It seems I’m not alone in being disappointed by World Walkers.

But, as a writer, I can still learn from this book. So I started analysing why it didn’t gel with me.


The first major problem was that I didn’t particularly care about any of the characters. One reason for this could’ve been the number of characters introduced in the early chapters, with each one following their own story arc, with only vague links to others. I trusted that these different threads would weave together as the book progressed, but it still felt disjointed. I didn’t have enough time with each character to get to know them.

This is relevant to the writing of my Unity series, as I’m juggling separate story-arcs that will only pull together in sequels. So I have to figure out how I can help readers care about my characters.

I tend to write fairly short chapters, usually between one and two thousand words (roughly five to ten pages). Initially, I thought it would make sense to rotate story arcs‌—‌have one chapter from arc A, the next from arc B, the one after from arc C, and so on. But that’s too much jumping about. I don’t see it working.
But I’ve come up with a different structure. I intend to bunch story-arc chapters together, so we’ll spend longer with each point-of-view character before moving to the next. In effect, these groups-of-chapters will work as semi-self-contained short stories (although the endings will be very open‌—‌not necessarily cliff-hangers, but if I close any loops I’ll be sure to open others in preparation for that character’s next group of chapters). It looks like these sections will be between 12,000 and 20,000 words‌—‌technically novelette length.

Hopefully, this will help readers engage with the characters without feeling thrown about.


The next problem I had with World Walkers was an aspect of the writing.

The main recurring character in the early chapters is referred to as the Fenris. This Fenris needs to solve all kinds of problems, and these are explained in some detail.

Problems are vital to most stories. Literary fiction might be able to survive without a character having any difficulties, but in the vast majority of stories we need characters to face challenges. We want our characters to struggle with problems both internal and external.

And these problems have to have stakes. Failing to overcome a problem should leave the character in a bad place. We want the hero to win because failure would hurt.

In World Walkers, this wasn’t the case. At least, not initially. Towards the end the stakes increased for the Fenris, but at the start the problems seemed impersonal. Reading the Fenris solving these problems felt like watching someone solve mathematical equations or brain-teasing puzzles‌—‌interesting to a degree, but not particularly engaging. It felt like extended world-building rather than a story.

Which some readers love. I’ll re-emphasise that these are problems I had with the book, and to others, such as hard sci-fi fans, the world-building problem-solving might be what they read for.

And these readers aren’t who I’m writing for. I want my characters to be engaging in a more personal way, so their challenges have to be more emotional than intellectual or physical. In fact, I’ve used character arcs (the growth or otherwise of characters) as the basis for my planning. While the overarching story concerns alien signals, I’m focusing how way this affects my characters, and telling the larger story through their struggles.


This isn’t the case with World Walkers. Like a lot of great sci-fi, it’s a book with big ideas. But it feels like, for Asher, these ideas are the driving force. While there are moments where characters struggle to do the right thing rather than what feels best, most of the time it feels as if the characters are avatars enabling the reader to see these big ideas.

Which isn’t what I want in Unity. Readers who love World Walkers probably won’t enjoy my book (once it’s finished).

And I’m fine with that. I have to write the book that suits my style, that suits the way I see story. I’m trying to write the kind of book I’d enjoy reading. And that means I need to remain focused on my characters — on the interplay between their external and internal struggles, and on the way their personalities influence their decisions.

Yes, I’m looking to have some big ideas in this series. But I want to show these ideas through the characters‌—‌through their actions and thoughts, but especially through their struggles.


And after all that, will I read more of Asher’s books? Yes. I get the impression he pushed himself to try something different with World Walkers, and I’d rather a writer do that than stick to what feels safe. I’ll most likely read his next book if only to see what he does next.

Was it a waste of my time reading World Walkers? Definitely not. While I didn’t necessarily enjoy the book, it was interesting. And what it taught me (and reinforced) about my own reading and writing has been very useful indeed.

Finally, would I recommend World Walkers? That depends on what you look for in sci-fi. If you like character-driven stories that are emotionally engaging, this might not be the book for you. But if you want big ideas, and don’t mind a more impersonal, less character-focused style, then you’re likely to get a lot out of Asher’s book.


This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.