What is editing? Ask someone unfamiliar with writing, and they’ll likely say something about correcting grammar and spelling. But editing is so much more. Grammar and spelling checks come right at the end of the process. Before that, we have developmental editing. This deals with the story, with the pacing and the character arcs. It looks at the big picture. There’s no point worrying about commas if the story itself doesn’t yet ‘work’.

I’ve started this stage of editing on my first draft now (the first draft of the main series novel, not the side-story). I’ve read through the draft, making notes along the way‌—‌what works well, and more importantly what doesn’t.

Even with a plan, the first draft is where the writer finds the story. Characters come alive as words appear on the page, and they do things we don’t always predict. The story can veer from that original plan in all kinds of ways.

There is also a great deal of ‘explaining’. When I write a first draft, I’m discovering my story, my characters and the world they inhabit. To make this all appear realistic, I need to understand this. So, in a first draft, I’ll always have scenes where I’m learning these things. But the reader doesn’t need too much of this, only enough to feel immersed.

This is especially true of the opening. Why? Because a story’s opening has to be strong. An opening has to hook the reader so they can’t wait to read on.

One technique for openings is ‘in medias res’‌—‌starting in the middle of the action. Think of the classic James Bond films. They start with the climax of a mission, full of stunts and excitement. Or the opening to Star Wars, with a large spacecraft being chased and fired on by one even larger. Or the first Indiana Jones film, where Indy’s facing all those traps. Of course, in media res doesn’t have to be physical action. We could open with an argument, or a funeral, or someone being fired from their job.

But there are problems with starting this way. How should the reader feel about this action? Who should they be rooting for? Without knowing anything about the characters, why should they care what happens? Action without some kind of emotional attachment is like a roller-coaster ride‌—‌fun while it lasts, but soon forgotten, and having very little lasting meaning.

I’m writing space-opera, so I could open with a scene focusing on world-building‌—‌maybe have a character introduced to a new environment, and have the reader learn all about this setting through that character’s interactions. It might not get the adrenaline pumping, but it might intrigue enough to encourage further reading. And, in a story with a large scope, a slow build might be more appropriate.

That word‌—‌’appropriate’‌—‌is an important one. The opening has to set the tone for the whole book, even the whole series. It has to set expectations. Opening with a couple of friends enjoying a peaceful day off work might not be suited to a dark tale of galactic pirates. Starting with a character being chased by wild animals won’t necessarily work for a light-hearted cyberpunk story.

I should caveat this by saying there are no hard and fast rules in writing. The above examples could work. It depends on how well the writer drip-feeds enough to hint at the ‘proper’ story. So there might be inconsistencies in that ‘peaceful’ day, things that are said and done which feel slightly off. The character being chased might mutter humorous lines while checking their cyborg abilities.

And there are far more ways to open a story. I don’t have time to explore them all here.

In my novel, I have another complication (because I’m not making things easy for myself with this project!). In this first book I have three very distinct story arcs. They won’t fully come together until later in the series, so I need to ensure that there are enough touch-points between them that readers feel confident that they will eventually resolve in combination. But it also means I have three openings, one for each story arc.

Maybe this is an advantage‌—‌I can use different techniques for each arc. So the arc involving a crew of couriers pulled into a high-risk venture could start with action, allowing the reader to experience the crew in operation, being introduced to their particular skills as well as the interplay between them. The arc focusing on the more political situation in the galaxy might benefit from a world-building focus (through dialogue, enabling me to introduce this arc’s main characters at the same time). And the arc aboard a generation ship, an arc that starts with a mystery, might work best with an opening that makes the reader wonder what’s going on (although not so much that they’re likely to stop reading!).

Whatever opening(s) I use, I’ll need to make sure they introduce characters and the world, while being exciting and interesting enough to keep the reader reading. So, no pressure!

And with that, I should get back to the edit. I have those read-through notes to go through. With the arc I’m working on at the moment, I think I have about 5000 words before a suitable opening, but there are things in those pages that the reader needs to know, things I need to somehow make clear in this revised opening.

The first draft was only the start. In many ways, the first draft is the easy bit. Now I have the start of the hard work. But I can see a way through. Unity is coming together.

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This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.

I can’t keep referring to this new project as ‘my new project’, or even ‘my space-opera project’. It needs a name. It needs a title.

But titles are tricky.

Okay, it’s easy to come up with titles. It’s coming up with good titles that takes work. A good title has to catch the attention. It helps if it’s memorable. And a good title needs to say what the story might offer, either in plot or tone (or both).

Yes, there are exceptions. Trainspotting is about drug addicts in Scotland, isn’t anything to do with trains. But most titles go a long way towards explaining the story. Think Star Wars, or Star Trek, or Stargate. Fighting in space, travel to distant planets, and portals crossing vast distances.

It helps that these titles have a certain rhythm, too. Two words (or a combination of two), each with four letters. The pattern helps us remember the title. It’s a technique I’ve used in my previous book titles. The first three Dominions books are Dark Glass, Dead Flesh and Deep Water. I like the symmetry‌—‌all starting with the same letter, all having a four-letter word followed by a five-letter word.

Which brings up another point‌—‌consistency across a series. It’s not necessary, but does it help? Possibly. So, what are the options?

One option is to have numbers and subtitles: Star Trek, Star Trek II: The Wrath Of Kahn, Star Trek III: The Search For Spock. I still think the best version of this was used for the Naked Gun films‌—‌Naked Gun, Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear and Naked Gun 33 1⁄3: The Final Insult.

Other series use a common word‌—‌Dune, Dune Messiah, God Emperor Of Dune and so on.

I prefer the series title to be separate to the titles of individual books, though. This is the pattern used in The Expanse. So let’s consider those titles for a moment.

First, the series title. The Expanse. It tells you the story’s going to be epic. It points to vast distances, either in space or in time, or possibly both. With a title like that, you expect a series that starts small and then balloons out (expands). It’s a title that fits the story told across the nine novels.

And what of the individual book titles? They all follow a two-word pattern. Leviathan Wakes, Persepolis Rising, Abaddon’s Gate and so on. There’s an epic quality to them, as well as tension. Words like ‘wakes’ and ‘rising’ automatically prime us for action‌—‌we know these aren’t going to be light-hearted books. And then there are those initial words. Even if we don’t know the actual references (if our knowledge of mythology or history isn’t sufficient) they still sound mythological, so we anticipate stories on a grand scale.

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But titles are also important during the writing process. The files on my laptop refer to my new project as ‘Space Opera Series’ (or simply SO), and the spin-off is ‘Space Opera Spin-Off’ (I haven’t shortened that‌—‌don’t know if I’d go with SOS or SOSO). Those work as labels while I get to grips with the stories, but they don’t do anything to describe them. They don’t mean anything. And as I sink deeper into these stories, that becomes a problem.

I need the focus a title can bring. A title turns a bunch of ideas into a cohesive whole, even if there are still gaps, even if the structure needs tightening. A title helps ground a project, helps make it feel real.

Titles also help when thinking about marketing. Writing in a vacuum and thinking about selling the book afterwards is not a realistic option. It’s more sensible to consider marketing while writing, or even before.

By marketing, I don’t mean advertising. That can be a part of marketing, but there’s far more to it. Marketing includes covers, and back-cover copy (or product description or blurb, whichever term you prefer). Marketing involves condensing the whole story, even the whole series, into a punchy paragraph, then further into a tag-line. Marketing means thinking about how to present the books to potential readers. And for this, not having a title is a serious hindrance.

So I need titles. They don’t have to be finalised yet‌—‌writing a book, let alone a series, is a long process, and the end product is rarely close to what is initially envisages‌—‌but I at least need working titles.

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So, here goes. My current working titles.

For the main series, I’m going with Unity. In the story, Unity is the name of the organisation that acts as a galactic government. This entity plays an important role in the story, and is home to some of the important characters. The word ‘unity’ also relates to what is becoming a major theme across the series. Humanity will face a major dilemma, and must come together to find a way through. Along the way disparate groups will need to work together, overcoming their differences.

For individual book titles I did consider things like Unity Fractured and Unity Resolving. But while this might be fine for a couple of books I think the titles would eventually sound too forced‌—‌trying to conform to the pattern rather than trying to be proper titles. So I don’t have any book titles yet.

Then there’s this spin-off (read this Substack post for more information). I see this as a series in its own right, but with the books working as stand-alone stories. One of the major story arcs in Unity follows Kane and his crew aboard the spaceship Seraph, and the first spin-off explores Kane’s back-story, focusing on his first contact with Seraph. My plan is for each book in this spin-off series to introduce another member of his eventual crew. While Kane could be seen as the main character, the ship is what binds them all together. For this reason I’m currently calling this spin-off series Chronicles Of Seraph.

I don’t have individual book titles yet. A part of me likes the idea of using character names in the titles, with the final book being something like Seraph Unbound. But I can’t come up with a decent title for a character called Norm. I suppose I could change his name, but ‘Norm’ suits his character. He’s the ‘average one’. He doesn’t think he’s anything special. He’s not the action hero or the smart one, but the one who fixes things on the ship (and cooks the crew’s meals). If I was writing a comedy, he’d probably be the butt of a lot of the jokes, yet take it all in good humour. In my mind he’s Norm, and I’d struggle to change that.

So, no book titles. But I have those series titles now, Unity and Chronicles Of Seraph.

And simply having names makes these series feel real. They’re no longer vague notions but solid projects. I’m no longer tapping away at stories for my own amusement. Instead, I’m creating books.

I still have a long way to go, of course. But every step brings me closer to bringing the project to fruition, closer to having books I can share with others.

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This post is the latest in a series I’m running on Substack, chronicling my work on this new project. If you’d like to read these posts as they appear, please consider subscribing for free.